Luis de Sosa, el leonés que se levantó contra los franceses el 24 de mayo de 1808
Luis de Sosa y Tovar, protagonista de la jornada del 24 de abril de 1808, futuro coronel y comandante general de León y su provincia contra los invasores franceses, nos da él mismo un resumido currículum de su vida en una relación oficial de méritos, presentada en varios ministerios el 15 de junio de 1828: «Es de edad de cincuenta y cinco años, de calidad noble y acreditada limpieza de sangre, natural del pueblo de Vidanes (nacido en 1792), en el Reyno de León, e hijo legítimo de don Josef de Sosa y Tovar y de doña Teresa Rodríguez Suárez.
Siguió la carrera literaria doce años, habiendo cursado los cinco últimos de estudios mayores en la Real Universidad de Valladolid.
Entró en la militar en veintiocho de diciembre de mil setecientos noventa y siete, habiendo sido admitido al servicio de S.M.: en el Cuerpo de guardias de su real persona, cuya plaza juró en siete de enero de mil setecientos noventa y ocho, y sirvió hasta el fin de octubre de mil ochocientos cinco.
Pasó al de destinos políticos en el citado año de mil ochocientos cinco, en el que le confirió S.M. la administración de la Real gracia de Excusado del Departamento de Mansilla, en la diócesis de León, y la graduación de teniente de Caballería...».
Desempeñando y viviendo de este modesto empleo de recaudador para el rey de la contribución de Excusado, o de los diezmos de la casa más rica de cada pueblo, le amaneció a Luis de Sosa la jornada del 24 de abril de 1808, en una España desconcertada y sin pulso, en plena anarquía política, en aquel desdichado mes de abril.
Napoleón, bajo apariencias de amigo, aliado y protector , había enviado al Norte de Europa 14.000 soldados españoles para que no se le opusieran en la conquista de España. 1000 franceses tenían ocupadas las ciudades de Pamplona y su ciudadela, la de Barcelona -instalados en Monjuich-, Vitoria, Burgos, Valladolid y Salamanca.
El recién nombrado rey de España, Fernando VII, alejado de la patria con engaños y retenido en Bayona, hacia donde viajaban los reyes destronados, Carlos IV y su esposa María Luisa, reclamados por Bonaparte. En Madrid, apoyado por 25.000 soldados franceses, gobernaba el mariscal Murat, cuñado del emperador y árbitro militar y político del territorio español.
En estas circunstancias, el Ayuntamiento de León, como protesta contra el caos y la solapada invasión francesa, convocó las fiestas de la coronación de Fernando VII, el Deseado, y encargó al recaudador Luis de Sosa, con fama ya de literato y poeta, la proclama de convocación, cuyo texto es ampliamente conocido.
En él no se declaraba explícitamente la insurrección contra Napoleón, porque oficialmente todavía era amigo y aliado de España, pero Luis de Sosa nos dejó la clave para la interpretación de sus palabras: atender al espíritu más allá de la letra, cuando las circunstancias no permitían más que veladamente expresarse... De hecho, la proclama leonesa del 24 de abril se comentó en toda la nación, la publicó la Gaceta de Madrid y, al enterarse Murat, mandó recoger y quemar toda la edición, y reeditar el número sin proclama.
Al ocupar las tropas francesas la ciudad de León, el primer nombre que traían en sus listas era el del autor del manifiesto, para encarcelarle y, quizá, para algo peor.
(*) Antonio Viñayo es abad emérito de San Isidoro, historiador y depositario de algunos documentos de Luis de Sosa.
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